Bullet (typography)

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In typography, a bullet ( o ) is a typographical symbol or glyph used to introduce items in a list. For example:

• Item 1
• Item 2
• Item 3

The bullet symbol may take any of a variety of shapes, such as circular, square, diamond or arrow. Typical word processor software offers a wide selection of shapes and colors. Several regular symbols, such as * (asterisk), - (hyphen), . (period), and even o (lowercase O), are conventionally used in ASCII-only text or other environments where bullet characters are not available. When writing by hand, bullets may be drawn in any style. Historically, the index symbol ? (representing a hand with a pointing index finger) was popular for similar uses.

Lists made with bullets are called bulleted lists. The HTML element name for a bulleted list is "unordered list", because the list items are not arranged in numerical order (as they would be in a numbered list). Usually bullet points are used to list things.

Video Bullet (typography)

Usage

Bullets are most often used in technical writing, reference works, notes, and presentations.

Example:

Where are bullets most often used?

• Technical writing
  • Sub bullet
• Reference works
• Notes
• Presentations
• Lists

An alternative method is to use a numbered list:

1. Technical writing
2. Reference works
3. Notes
4. Presentations
5. Lists

Maps Bullet (typography)

Bullet points

Items--known as "bullet points"--may be short phrases, single sentences, or of paragraph length. Bulleted items are not usually terminated with a full stop unless they are complete sentences. In some cases, however, the style guide for a given publication may call for every item except the last one in each bulleted list to be terminated with a semicolon, and the last item with a full stop. It is correct to terminate any bullet point with a full stop if the text within that item consists of one full sentence or more. Bullet points are usually used to highlight list elements.

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Computer usage

There have been different ways to encode bullet points in computer systems.

In historical systems

Glyphs "o", "o" and their reversed variants "?", "?" became available in text mode since early IBM PCs with MDA-CGA-EGA graphic adapters, because built-in screen fonts contained such forms at code points 7-10. These were not true characters because such points belong to the C0 control codes range; therefore, these glyphs required a special way to be placed on the screen (see code page 437 for discussion).

Prior to the widespread use of word processors, bullets were often denoted either by a lowercase o filled in with ink or by asterisks (*); several word processors automatically convert asterisks to bullets if used at the start of line. This notation was inherited by Setext and wiki engines.

In Unicode

There are a variety of Unicode bullet characters, including:

• U+2022 o bullet (HTML • · •)
• U+2023 ? triangular bullet (HTML ‣)
• U+25E6 o white bullet (HTML ◦)
• U+2043 ? hyphen bullet (HTML ⁃)
• U+204C ? black leftwards bullet (HTML ⁌)
• U+204D ? black rightwards bullet (HTML ⁍)
• U+2219 ? bullet operator (HTML ∙) for use in mathematical notation primarily as a dot product instead of interpunct.

In web pages

To create bulleted list items for a web page, the markup language HTML provides the list tag <li>. Each list tag inside an unordered list will generate one bulleted list item.

In LaTeX

To create bulleted list items for a document, the markup language LaTeX provides the item tag \item . Each item tag inside an itemized list will generate one bulleted list item.

Wiki markup

A list item on a wiki page is indicated using one or more leading asterisks in Wiki markup as well as in many other wikis.

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Other forms of use

The bullet is often used for separating menu items, usually in the footer menu. It is common, for example, to see it in latest website designs and in many WordPress themes. It is also used by text editors, like Microsoft Word, to create lists. In HTML, a bullet appears before the text in a "<li>" tag when placed in a "<ul>" tag, or when configured by CSS.

It can be used as a math symbol. Specifically, in logic, "x o y" means logical conjunction. It is the same as saying "x and y" (see also List of logic symbols).

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References

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Further reading

• Clair, Kate (1999). A Typographic Workbook: A Primer to History, Techniques, and Artistry. Wiley, 1999. ISBN 978-0-471-29237-1. Retrieved 12 November 2008.  Digitized 2007-12-20 by University of Michigan Libraries.

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External links

• Media related to Bullets (typography) at Wikimedia Commons

Source of the article : Wikipedia